軟包鋰電池生產(chǎn)工藝 包膠機的作用

一、軟包鋰電池生產(chǎn)工藝概述

1. 鋁塑膜成型與預封裝

鋁塑膜需先經(jīng)過沖坑成型，形成容納電極組的腔體。隨后，包膠機將正負極極耳與鋁塑膜邊緣通過膠粘或熱熔方式初步固定，確保極耳位置準確，避免后續(xù)熱封時發(fā)生偏移。這一步驟對電池的密封性和極耳絕緣性至關重要。  

The aluminumplastic film must first be formed by punching to create a cavity that accommodates the electrode assembly. Subsequently, the tabwrapping machine preliminarily fixes the positive and negative electrode tabs to the edge of the aluminumplastic film through adhesion or heat fusion, ensuring the accurate positioning of the tabs and preventing displacement during subsequent heat sealing. This step is crucial for the battery's sealing and tab insulation.

2. 熱封與包膠工藝

包膠機的主要作用是在電池頂封和側(cè)封過程中，對極耳與鋁塑膜的接觸區(qū)域進行絕緣處理。通過高溫壓合，包膠材料（如聚丙烯或改性環(huán)氧樹脂）與鋁塑膜熔融粘接，形成密封屏障，防止電解液泄漏和外部濕氣侵入。同時，包膠需保證極耳與鋁塑膜之間的絕緣強度，避免短路風險。  

The main function of the tabwrapping machine is to provide insulation treatment for the contact area between the tabs and the aluminumplastic film during the top and side sealing processes of the battery. Through hightemperature pressing, the wrapping material (such as polypropylene or modified epoxy resin) is fused and bonded with the aluminumplastic film, forming a sealing barrier to prevent electrolyte leakage and external moisture ingress. At the same time, the wrapping must ensure the insulation strength between the tabs and the aluminumplastic film to avoid the risk of short circuit.

二、包膠機的核心功能與技術特點

1. 高精度溫控系統(tǒng)

熱封溫度通常需控制在150°C~200°C范圍內(nèi)，溫度波動需小于±1°C。過高的溫度可能導致膠層碳化，而過低則無法實現(xiàn)有效粘接。包膠機采用PID算法或多段溫控模塊，確保熱封過程的穩(wěn)定性。  

The heatsealing temperature usually needs to be controlled within the range of 150°C to 200°C, with a temperature fluctuation of less than ±1°C. Excessive temperature can lead to carbonization of the adhesive layer, while too low a temperature will fail to achieve effective bonding. The tabwrapping machine uses a PID algorithm or a multi-stage temperature control module to ensure the stability of the heat-sealing process.

2. 多工位協(xié)同設計

為提升效率，高端包膠機采用多工位并行作業(yè)模式。例如，在頂封工位完成極耳包膠后，側(cè)封工位同步進行鋁塑膜邊緣密封，部分設備還集成視覺檢測系統(tǒng)，實時監(jiān)控膠層均勻性和密封完整性。  

To improve efficiency, high-end tab-wrapping machines adopt a multi-station parallel operation mode. For example, after the tab wrapping is completed at the top sealing station, the side sealing station synchronously performs the edge sealing of the aluminumplastic film. Some machines also integrate a vision inspection system to monitor the uniformity of the adhesive layer and the integrity of the seal in real time.

3. 自適應壓力控制

不同型號的軟包電池對封裝壓力的需求各異。包膠機通過伺服電機或氣動系統(tǒng)動態(tài)調(diào)整壓合力度，避免因壓力不均導致膠層厚度差異或鋁塑膜破損。  

Different models of softpack batteries have varying requirements for packaging pressure. The tabwrapping machine dynamically adjusts the pressing force through a servo motor or pneumatic system to avoid differences in adhesive layer thickness or damage to the aluminum-plastic film due to uneven pressure.

4. 材料兼容性與環(huán)保性

隨著無溶劑膠黏劑的普及，包膠機需適應低揮發(fā)性的環(huán)保材料。例如，部分廠商采用UV固化膠水，通過紫外線照射實現(xiàn)快速固化，減少能耗和污染。  

With the increasing popularity of solventfree adhesives, tabwrapping machines need to adapt to lowvolatility environmentally friendly materials. For example, some manufacturers use UVcuring adhesives that are rapidly cured through ultraviolet irradiation, reducing energy consumption and pollution.

包膠機在提升電池性能中的關鍵作用

1. 安全性保障  

軟包電池的失效模式中，電解液泄漏和極耳短路占比較高。包膠機通過精確控制膠層厚度（通常為0.1~0.3mm）和密封寬度（≥3mm），有效阻隔電解液與外界的接觸。例如，某頭部電池企業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，采用高精度包膠機后，電池的濕氣滲透率降低至0.01g/(m2·day)以下。  

In the failure modes of soft-pack batteries, electrolyte leakage and tab short-circuiting account for a relatively high proportion. The tabwrapping machine effectively isolates the electrolyte from the outside world by precisely controlling the adhesive layer thickness (usually 0.1~0.3mm) and the sealing width (≥3mm). For example, data from a leading battery company shows that the moisture permeability of the battery is reduced to below 0.01g/(m2·day) after using a highprecision tab-wrapping machine.

2. 生產(chǎn)效率優(yōu)化  

傳統(tǒng)手工包膠的節(jié)拍時間約為20秒/只，而自動化包膠機可將單電池處理時間縮短至5秒以內(nèi)。通過聯(lián)動疊片機和注液機，包膠機能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)產(chǎn)線全流程自動化，良品率提升至99.5%以上。  

The cycle time for traditional manual tab wrapping is about 20 seconds per battery, while an automated tabwrapping machine can reduce the processing time for a single battery to less than 5 seconds. By linking the stacking machine and the filling machine, the tabwrapping machine can achieve full automation of the production line, with a yield rate increased to over 99.5%.

四、行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢與挑戰(zhàn)

隨著電池能量密度的持續(xù)提升，包膠技術面臨新的要求：  

超薄膠層工藝：為適應更薄的鋁塑膜（如80μm以下），包膠機需實現(xiàn)微米級膠層涂布。  

高溫材料應用：固態(tài)電池的推廣要求包膠材料耐溫性達到300°C以上，推動聚酰亞胺等新材料的研發(fā)。  

智能化升級：通過AI算法預測膠層缺陷，結(jié)合數(shù)字孿生技術實現(xiàn)遠程調(diào)試和維護。  

However, with the continuous increase in battery energy density, new requirements are emerging for tab-wrapping technology:  

Ultrathin adhesive layer process: To adapt to thinner aluminumplastic films (such as below 80μm), tabwrapping machines need to achieve micrometerlevel adhesive layer coating.  

Hightemperature material application: The promotion of solidstate batteries requires the adhesive materials to have a temperature resistance of over 300°C, driving the development of new materials such as polyimide.  

Intelligent upgrade: Predicting adhesive layer defects through AI algorithms and combining digital twin technology for remote debugging and maintenance.

然而，技術升級也伴隨挑戰(zhàn)。例如，極耳材料從鋁轉(zhuǎn)為銅時，其熱膨脹系數(shù)差異易導致膠層開裂，需開發(fā)新型復合膠黏劑。此外，設備國產(chǎn)化進程中，部分高端包膠機仍依賴進口，核心部件的精度壽命與國際領先水平存在差距。  

However, technological upgrades also come with challenges. For example, when the tab material is changed from aluminum to copper, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients can easily cause the adhesive layer to crack, necessitating the development of new composite adhesives. In addition, in the process of equipment localization, some highend tabwrapping machines still rely on imports, and there is a gap between the precision and service life of core components and the international leading level.

結(jié)語

包膠機雖非軟包鋰電池生產(chǎn)中最顯眼的設備，但其“隱形守護者”的角色無可替代。從提升密封可靠性到推動產(chǎn)線智能化，包膠技術的進步將持續(xù)賦能鋰電池產(chǎn)業(yè)。未來，隨著工藝與材料的協(xié)同創(chuàng)新，包膠機有望在新能源時代扮演更關鍵的角色。  

Although the tabwrapping machine is not the most conspicuous device in the production of softpack lithium batteries, its role as an "invisible guardian" is irreplaceable. From improving sealing reliability to promoting production line intelligence, the progress of tabwrapping technology will continue to empower the lithium battery industry. In the future, with the collaborative innovation of processes and materials, the tabwrapping machine is expected to play a more critical role in the new energy era.